Departments decide first and appraise afterwards
The options section is reverse-engineered around a choice already made: no real long-list, the Green Book's own options tools unused, "do nothing" missing from the shortlist, alternatives dismissed by assertion, and only the preferred option costed. This causes most red ratings — and the standard is tightening.
Costs are counted; benefits are asserted
The typical assessment shows one negative number and a narrative claim that the unmeasured benefits are bigger. The RPC doesn't accept "we couldn't quantify it" at face value — it wants indicative ranges or break-even analysis, or an evidenced explanation of why neither is possible.
Nobody plans to find out whether it worked
Monitoring and evaluation is the weakest section almost everywhere: no named datasets, no baseline, no evaluation questions, and no strategy for separating this policy's effect from everything else happening at once.
Small business analysis is procedural, not analytical
Right conclusion, absent evidence. The cost share falling on small firms goes unquantified, mitigations go unconsidered, and medium-sized businesses get forgotten. Failing to test exemption as the default is now itself a red-rated failing.
The analysis stops at the regulated firm
Pass-through to wages, prices, bills and rents gets omitted — the central objection in the Employment Rights Bill red — and the wider-impact boxes for competition, trade and carbon are marked neutral without evidence.
The weaknesses compound
An impact assessment that never documents its assumptions produces a review five years later that cannot test them. That's why so many reviews can't say whether a regulation worked — and why two recommended keeping rules that had barely been used.